Agents of Industrial Capitalism
There
were about four groups of agents of industrial capitalism in Africa namely:
·
Explorers
·
Missionaries
·
Traders
·
Companies
·
Association
Explorers
During
the nineteenth century the major aim of European powers was the exploration of
Africa. In east Africa, exploration was done by the prominent explores such as
Speke, Burton, Grant, Samuel Baker, Henry M. Stanley and Dr. Livingstone, while
in central Africa and parts of Congo the prominent explorers were Dr.
Livingstone and later Henry M. Stanley. And in West Africa the prominent
explorers included Richard Lander, Dr. Barth Mungo Park, Clapperton, Dr.
Baikie, Gaspard Mollien and Cailie.
The
journey of exploration was financed and supported by European capitalists. The
main aim was to gather information about Africa because they needed a wider
knowledge of the continent. They also wanted to know about the raw materials
which African had to sell and the location of the main centers of population.
Moreover, they were interested in the knowledge of transport potentialities of
African great river systems. For example the British explorer, Mungo Park in
1780s, followed by Clapperton and Richard Lander explored the Niger and
gathered important information about the economy and politics of West Africa.
Roles of explorers
They reported back about the potentialities of the African
resources: Clapperton reported about the river Niger to the British
government while Speke reported about the potentiality of Lake Victoria and
named it Victoria to honor Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
They provided important information about the nature of African
societies: They reported about thehostility, calmness and hospitality
of the African people. This information played a central role for the European
colonialists during the decision making process regarding the colonisation of
Africa.
They explored important mountains and researched the geology,
climatic conditions, topography, lakes and animal species in Africa:This
knowledge later attracted European powers to colonise Africa.
They provided messages to their government about the existing
evils of slave trade and the areas where slave trade was still conducted:Dr.
Livingstone's third journey through Tanganyika and Lake Regions of central
Africa was targeted for that as a result he informed the English that the Yao's
land was still characterised by slave raids and the effects of slave trade such
as sufferings, insecurity.
The
information provided by explorers to their government was later used by
humanitarians in the struggle against the colonisation of Africa.
Missionaries
By the
19th century missionary activities had started in Africa. The pioneers were the
protestant churches of Europe and America. It was only later that Roman arrived
especially from France. The domination of missionaries were the London
missionary society, the church missionary society, Roman Catholic missionary
society and the universities mission to central Africa (UMCA).
Few
Christian missionaries were directly active agents of imperialism. They were
essential ingredients of the increasingly assertive European access to Africa.
However In most cases European Christian played an important role in promoting
and shaping the advent of European capitalism.
The Roles of the Agents of Industrial Capitalism in Preparing
Africa for Colonisation
Explain the roles of the agents of industrial capitalism in
preparing Africa for colonization
The
role played by missionaries in the colonisation of Africa
They acted as interpreters and propagandists at the time of
treaty making:Mofat stayed among the Ndebele for about 30 years serving the
British South African company (BSAC) for treaty making between the companies
(BSAC) and King Lobengula.
They acted as advisors to African chiefs:The
British missionaries of the church missionary society convinced Kabaka to
accept protectorate.
They introduced Western civilisation to the interior through
education and schools: Thisaimed to prepare
people of low ranks to serving colonial masters at the time of colonisation.
Missionaries softened the minds and the hearts of
Africans: Their activities were influenced by European imperialists'
interests by preaching and emphasising the spiritual beliefs such as “give to
God what which belongs to God," and "give to Ceaser what belongs to
Ceaser”. In the long run this preaching weakened African opposition and shaped
the regions for future colonial administration.
They converted Africans to the new faith: They
were easily employed as puppets to extend colonial rule. Typical examples are
the converts of Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Ghana who were able to protect the
British economic interests and paved the way for future colonisation by the
British.
Missionaries reduced resistance among African societies: This
was done by converting some societies and preaching obedience to
administrators.
Introduction of new crops: Horner
grew coffee at Bagamoyo around 1870 the church missionaries society grew cotton
in Uganda. This prepared people to acquire the skills which were important for
future cash crop production during the colonial era.
They helped in the abolition of slave trade: Theyplanned
for successful Christianisation of the freed slaves as they preached the word
of God. They wanted to create the conducive and peaceful environment for the
development of legitimate trade which was exploitative in nature and was after
capitalists interests.
Missionaries had closer links with rulers and interfered even in
political matters:They allied European imperialism while they were working in the
interior of Africa. This situation provoked the hostility from African rulers.
In this case missionaries appealed strongly for the protection from their home
governments, which later led to effective colonisation.
Traders
Traders
were among the first Europeans to visit the interior and coastal areas of
Africa. They came under the influence of capitalists who also supported
missionaries and explorers.
Their
main aim was to exploit the new sources of raw materials, markets and new areas
in which industrial capitalists had to invest their capital. Examples of
traders are William Macknnon, James Stevenson, Harry Johnston and Carl Peters.
The
role played by traders in the colonisation of Africa
They opened a new a exploitative system: Therefore,
Africa became the target for European interests. This resulted in stiff
rivalries and competition among European industrial nations.
Introduction of circuit through legitimate trade: Thisinvolved
the importation of European manufactured goods. Thus, the chain of dependence
was created and the African local industries and the arts were destroyed.
Traders exposed Africa to the world capitalist system of
economy: The use of currency, banking and credit facilities began to be
witnessed by Africans. This resulted into exploitation of African resources.
The fair and quick turns obtained by traders attracted European colonialists to
come into Africa.
They opened communication systems such as roads:This
laid the foundation for future colonial infrastructure. For example, the road
from Lake Nyasa to Tanganyika known as Livingstone road was opened by traders
and was used during the colonial administration.
Companies
and associations
Companies
and association were among the most important agents of colonisation of Africa.
Agents organised themselves into companies and associations. They received
finance from their home government so as to operate effectively and differently
in those areas, where the governing powers had their economic interests. They
aimed at financing the exploration that showed the interest of coming to
Africa.
Examples
of the association included the Royal British Geographical society, financed by
John Speke to explore the river Nile. Another was the African Association of
British, which in 1788 financed Mungo Park. Its major aim was to explore and
identify the areas suitable for agriculture, which could produce enough
materials for export. Another concern of that association was to identify the
navigable rivers, mineral deposits and assessing the market available for
industrial goods.
In the
abolition of slave trade, merchant companies became increasingly involved in
the interior of Africa. The major aim of these companies was to establish the
so called “legitimate trade”. This was trade in commodities and other resources
that industrial capitalist required as raw materials or as food for the urban working
classes. The legitimate trade did not involve the selling and buying human
Several
companies in Africa were established at strategic points for the purpose of
collecting important commodities for export and supplying manufactured goods
from Europe.
In East
Africa examples of these companies were the Imperial British East African
Company (I.B.E.A.C) founded in 1886 by William Macknnon. It was also known as
the British East Africa Association. Another company was the Germany East
African Company (G.E.A.C) founded in 1884 by Carl Peters. In West Africa
examples of companies formed included the Royal Niger Company (R.N.C) which was
formed by George Turban Goldie in 1884.
The
association was concerned with commercial activities. King Leopold expected
that the company could improve the lives of native as well as civilising them,
exploiting natural resources and abolishing slave trade and slavery in the
region.
In
central Africa the company prevailed was the Livingstone central Africa Company
(L.C.A.C). it was formed by Scottish capita lists James Steven in 1878.
In
south Africa there was the British south Africa company (B.S.A.C) formed by
Cecil Rhodes as a private company and operated in south and central Africa by
the year 1889, the company was given a royal charter that included the full
powers to administer the company.
The
role played by companies in the colonisation of Africa.
Monopolisation and exploitation of African resources: These
resources were highly needed by the European capitalists in their industries.
In all parts of Africa Company played a crucial role of collecting raw
materials and carried out trade activities.
Elimination of local middlemen and creation of custom duties and
tariffs: These was carried out by the companies which attracted the
imperialists powers to control Africa.
The companies encouraged their home government to colonise
Africa: For example; the Royal Niger Company encouraged the British to
colonise Nigeria after gaining the control of the different trading areas in
the region.
Signing treaties: The company played an
important role of signing different treaties with African local chiefs. These
treaties helped imperial powers to claim and justify the colonisation of
particular territories, especially during the Berlin Conference
One
example was a treaty signed between Harry Johnston and chief Mandara of Uchaga
in 1884 to control thirteen square kilometers of land in Kilimanjaro. Also Dr.
Carl Peters of the society for German colonisation signed treaties with a
number of chief between Pangani and Rufiji. These treaties were later used by
the German government to control Tanganyika.
Creation of infrastructure: These
included commercial centers, administrative headquarters, roads, railways and
waterways. They were allocated in those areas where they operated where by
later on were used by the imperial powers to transport administrators to
colonise and impose laws on the land.
The companies laid foundations for their home government to
colonise African:They suppressed African resistance through a police force used
to maintain peace, order and stability within the region. For example in East
Africa, the German East African Company recruited Swahili, Sudanese and Buganda
soldier to counter the coastal Arab resistance of 1888-1889.
They provided important information about economic potentiality
of African areas:Africa was exposed to the imperial powers which aimed to
colonise the continent.
The companies provided rudimentary administration in areas of
their operation: Some company leaders such
as Sir. George Turban Goldie of the Royal Niger Company, Harry Johnston, the
representative of Cecil Rhodes of the British South Africa Company, attended
the Berlin Conference of 1884-188 5. They also notified the conference about
areas where they operate on behalf of their mother countries.
The company played an important role of marking of the
administrative boundaries: Which were later
identified as boundaries of the European spheres of influence. They prevented
any other rival European imperial power from taking their territories. This was
evidenced in East Africa where the German East Africa Company marked the area
of the German in the Anglo-German rivalry and achieved the 1886 agreement.
While in South Africa the British South Africa Company managed to map the
claims of Britain, thus preventing the Portuguese from interfering in the
British sphere of influence.
Furthermore,
the companies used their security organs to abolish slave trade in the areas of
their influence. They introduced legitimate trade in Africa.
Update:
Update:
Agents of industrial capitalism
There were about four groups of agents of industrial capitalism in Africa namely:
1.Explorers
2. Missionaries
3. Traders
1.Explorers
2. Missionaries
3. Traders
EXPLORERS
During the nineteenth century the major aim of European powers was the exploration of Africa. In east Africa, exploration was done by the prominent explores such as Speke, Burton, Grant, Samuel Baker, Henry M. Stanley and Dr. Livingstone, while in central Africa and parts of Congo the prominent explorers were Dr. Livingstone and later Henry M. Stanley. And in West Africa the prominent explorers included Richard Lander, Dr. Barth Mungo Park, Clapperton, Dr. Baikie, Gaspard Mollien and Cailie.
During the nineteenth century the major aim of European powers was the exploration of Africa. In east Africa, exploration was done by the prominent explores such as Speke, Burton, Grant, Samuel Baker, Henry M. Stanley and Dr. Livingstone, while in central Africa and parts of Congo the prominent explorers were Dr. Livingstone and later Henry M. Stanley. And in West Africa the prominent explorers included Richard Lander, Dr. Barth Mungo Park, Clapperton, Dr. Baikie, Gaspard Mollien and Cailie.
The journey of exploration was financed and supported by European capitalists. The main aim was to gather information about Africa because they needed a wider knowledge of the continent. They also wanted to know about the raw materials which African had to sell and the location of the main centers of population. Moreover, they were interested in the knowledge of transport potentialities of African great river systems. For example the British explorer, Mungo Park in 1780s, followed by Clapperton and Richard Lander explored the Niger and gathered important information about the economy and politics of West Africa.
Roles of explorers
They reported back about the potentialities of the African resources: Clapperton reported about the river Niger to the British government while Speke reported about the potentiality of Lake Victoria and named it Victoria to honor Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
They reported back about the potentialities of the African resources: Clapperton reported about the river Niger to the British government while Speke reported about the potentiality of Lake Victoria and named it Victoria to honor Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
They provided important information about the nature of African societies: They reported about thehostility, calmness and hospitality of the African people. This information played a central role for the European colonialists during the decision making process regarding the colonisation of Africa.
They explored important mountains and researched the geology, climatic conditions, topography, lakes and animal species in Africa:This knowledge later attracted European powers to colonise Africa.
They provided messages to their government about the existing evils of slave trade and the areas where slave trade was still conducted:Dr. Livingstone's third journey through Tanganyika and Lake Regions of central Africa was targeted for that as a result he informed the English that the Yao's land was still characterised by slave raids and the effects of slave trade such as sufferings, insecurity.
The information provided by explorers to their government was later used by humanitarians in the struggle against the colonisation of Africa.
MISSIONARIES
By the 19th century missionary activities had started in Africa. The pioneers were the protestant churches of Europe and America. It was only later that Roman arrived especially from France. The domination of missionaries were the London missionary society, the church missionary society, Roman Catholic missionary society and the universities mission to central Africa (UMCA).
Few Christian missionaries were directly active agents of imperialism. They were essential ingredients of the increasingly assertive European access to Africa. However In most cases European Christian played an important role in promoting and shaping the advent of European capitalism.
The role played by missionaries in the colonisation of Africa
The role played by missionaries in the colonisation of Africa
They acted as interpreters and propagandists at the time of treaty making:Mofat stayed among the Ndebele for about 30 years serving the British South African company (BSAC) for treaty making between the companies (BSAC) and King Lobengula.
They acted as advisors to African chiefs:The British missionaries of the church missionary society convinced Kabaka to accept protectorate.
They introduced Western civilisation to the interior through education and schools:Thisaimed to prepare people of low ranks to serving colonial masters at the time of colonisation.
Missionaries softened the minds and the hearts of Africans: Their activities were influenced by European imperialists' interests by preaching and emphasising the spiritual beliefs such as “give to God what which belongs to God," and "give to Ceaser what belongs to Ceaser”. In the long run this preaching weakened African opposition and shaped the regions for future colonial administration.
They converted Africans to the new faith: They were easily employed as puppets to extend colonial rule. Typical examples are the converts of Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Ghana who were able to protect the British economic interests and paved the way for future colonisation by the British.
Missionaries reduced resistance among African societies: This was done by converting some societies and preaching obedience to administrators.
Introduction of new crops: Horner grew coffee at Bagamoyo around 1870 the church missionaries society grew cotton in Uganda. This prepared people to acquire the skills which were important for future cash crop production during the colonial era.
They helped in the abolition of slave trade: Theyplanned for successful Christianisation of the freed slaves as they preached the word of God. They wanted to create the conducive and peaceful environment for the development of legitimate trade which was exploitative in nature and was after capitalists interests.
Missionaries had closer links with rulers and interfered even in political matters:They allied European imperialism while they were working in the interior of Africa. This situation provoked the hostility from African rulers. In this case missionaries appealed strongly for the protection from their home governments, which later led to effective colonisation.
TRADERS
Traders were among the first Europeans to visit the interior and coastal areas of Africa. They came under the influence of capitalists who also supported missionaries and explorers.
Their main aim was to exploit the new sources of raw materials, markets and new areas in which industrial capitalists had to invest their capital. Examples of traders are William Macknnon, James Stevenson, Harry Johnston and Carl Peters.
Traders were among the first Europeans to visit the interior and coastal areas of Africa. They came under the influence of capitalists who also supported missionaries and explorers.
Their main aim was to exploit the new sources of raw materials, markets and new areas in which industrial capitalists had to invest their capital. Examples of traders are William Macknnon, James Stevenson, Harry Johnston and Carl Peters.
The role played by traders in the colonisation of Africa
They opened a new a exploitative system: Therefore, Africa became the target for European interests. This resulted in stiff rivalries and competition among European industrial nations.
Introduction of circuit through legitimate trade: This involved the importation of European manufactured goods. Thus, the chain of dependence was created and the African local industries and the arts were destroyed.
Traders exposed Africa to the world capitalist system of economy: The use of currency, banking and credit facilities began to be witnessed by Africans. This resulted into exploitation of African resources. The fair and quick turns obtained by traders attracted European colonialists to come into Africa.
They opened communication systems such as roads:This laid the foundation for future colonial infrastructure. For example, the road from Lake Nyasa to Tanganyika known as Livingstone road was opened by traders and was used during the colonial administration.
They opened a new a exploitative system: Therefore, Africa became the target for European interests. This resulted in stiff rivalries and competition among European industrial nations.
Introduction of circuit through legitimate trade: This involved the importation of European manufactured goods. Thus, the chain of dependence was created and the African local industries and the arts were destroyed.
Traders exposed Africa to the world capitalist system of economy: The use of currency, banking and credit facilities began to be witnessed by Africans. This resulted into exploitation of African resources. The fair and quick turns obtained by traders attracted European colonialists to come into Africa.
They opened communication systems such as roads:This laid the foundation for future colonial infrastructure. For example, the road from Lake Nyasa to Tanganyika known as Livingstone road was opened by traders and was used during the colonial administration.
COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS
Companies and association were among the most important agents of colonisation of Africa. Agents organised themselves into companies and associations. They received finance from their home government so as to operate effectively and differently in those areas, where the governing powers had their economic interests. They aimed at financing the exploration that showed the interest of coming to Africa.
Examples of the association included the Royal British Geographical society, financed by John Speke to explore the river Nile. Another was the African Association of British, which in 1788 financed Mungo Park. Its major aim was to explore and identify the areas suitable for agriculture, which could produce enough materials for export. Another concern of that association was to identify the navigable rivers, mineral deposits and assessing the market available for industrial goods.
In the abolition of slave trade, merchant companies became increasingly involved in the interior of Africa. The major aim of these companies was to establish the so called “legitimate trade”. This was trade in commodities and other resources that industrial capitalist required as raw materials or as food for the urban working classes. The legitimate trade did not involve the selling and buying human
Several companies in Africa were established at strategic points for the purpose of collecting important commodities for export and supplying manufactured goods from Europe.
In East Africa examples of these companies were the Imperial British East African Company (I.B.E.A.C) founded in 1886 by William Macknnon. It was also known as the British East Africa Association. Another company was the Germany East African Company (G.E.A.C) founded in 1884 by Carl Peters. In West Africa examples of companies formed included the Royal Niger Company (R.N.C) which was formed by George Turban Goldie in 1884.
The association was concerned with commercial activities. King Leopold expected that the company could improve the lives of native as well as civilising them, exploiting natural resources and abolishing slave trade and slavery in the region.
In central Africa the company prevailed was the Livingstone central Africa Company (L.C.A.C). it was formed by Scottish capita lists James Steven in 1878.
In south Africa there was the British south Africa company (B.S.A.C) formed by Cecil Rhodes as a private company and operated in south and central Africa by the year 1889, the company was given a royal charter that included the full powers to administer the company.
Companies and association were among the most important agents of colonisation of Africa. Agents organised themselves into companies and associations. They received finance from their home government so as to operate effectively and differently in those areas, where the governing powers had their economic interests. They aimed at financing the exploration that showed the interest of coming to Africa.
Examples of the association included the Royal British Geographical society, financed by John Speke to explore the river Nile. Another was the African Association of British, which in 1788 financed Mungo Park. Its major aim was to explore and identify the areas suitable for agriculture, which could produce enough materials for export. Another concern of that association was to identify the navigable rivers, mineral deposits and assessing the market available for industrial goods.
In the abolition of slave trade, merchant companies became increasingly involved in the interior of Africa. The major aim of these companies was to establish the so called “legitimate trade”. This was trade in commodities and other resources that industrial capitalist required as raw materials or as food for the urban working classes. The legitimate trade did not involve the selling and buying human
Several companies in Africa were established at strategic points for the purpose of collecting important commodities for export and supplying manufactured goods from Europe.
In East Africa examples of these companies were the Imperial British East African Company (I.B.E.A.C) founded in 1886 by William Macknnon. It was also known as the British East Africa Association. Another company was the Germany East African Company (G.E.A.C) founded in 1884 by Carl Peters. In West Africa examples of companies formed included the Royal Niger Company (R.N.C) which was formed by George Turban Goldie in 1884.
The association was concerned with commercial activities. King Leopold expected that the company could improve the lives of native as well as civilising them, exploiting natural resources and abolishing slave trade and slavery in the region.
In central Africa the company prevailed was the Livingstone central Africa Company (L.C.A.C). it was formed by Scottish capita lists James Steven in 1878.
In south Africa there was the British south Africa company (B.S.A.C) formed by Cecil Rhodes as a private company and operated in south and central Africa by the year 1889, the company was given a royal charter that included the full powers to administer the company.
The role played by companies in the colonisation of Africa.
Monopolisation and exploitation of African resources: These resources were highly needed by the European capitalists in their industries. In all parts of Africa Company played a crucial role of collecting raw materials and carried out trade activities.
Elimination of local middlemen and creation of custom duties and tariffs:
These was carried out by the companies which attracted the imperialists powers to control Africa.
The companies encouraged their home government to colonise Africa:
For example; the Royal Niger Company encouraged the British to colonise Nigeria after gaining the control of the different trading areas in the region.
Signing treaties: The company played an important role of signing different treaties with African local chiefs. These treaties helped imperial powers to claim and justify the colonisation of particular territories, especially during the Berlin Conference
One example was a treaty signed between Harry Johnston and chief Mandara of Uchaga in 1884 to control thirteen square kilometers of land in Kilimanjaro. Also Dr. Carl Peters of the society for German colonisation signed treaties with a number of chief between Pangani and Rufiji. These treaties were later used by the German government to control Tanganyika.
Creation of infrastructure: These included commercial centers, administrative headquarters, roads, railways and waterways. They were allocated in those areas where they operated where by later on were used by the imperial powers to transport administrators to colonise and impose laws on the land.
The companies laid foundations for their home government to colonise African:
They suppressed African resistance through a police force used to maintain peace, order and stability within the region. For example in East Africa, the German East African Company recruited Swahili, Sudanese and Buganda soldier to counter the coastal Arab resistance of 1888-1889.
They provided important information about economic potentiality of African areas:Africa was exposed to the imperial powers which aimed to colonise the continent.
The companies provided rudimentary administration in areas of their operation: Some company leaders such as Sir. George Turban Goldie of the Royal Niger Company, Harry Johnston, the representative of Cecil Rhodes of the British South Africa Company, attended the Berlin Conference of 1884-188 5. They also notified the conference about areas where they operate on behalf of their mother countries.
The company played an important role of marking of the administrative boundaries:Which were later identified as boundaries of the European spheres of influence. They prevented any other rival European imperial power from taking their territories. This was evidenced in East Africa where the German East Africa Company marked the area of the German in the Anglo-German rivalry and achieved the 1886 agreement. While in South Africa the British South Africa Company managed to map the claims of Britain, thus preventing the Portuguese from interfering in the British sphere of influence.
Furthermore, the companies used their security organs to abolish slave trade in the areas of their influence. They introduced legitimate trade in Africa.
Monopolisation and exploitation of African resources: These resources were highly needed by the European capitalists in their industries. In all parts of Africa Company played a crucial role of collecting raw materials and carried out trade activities.
Elimination of local middlemen and creation of custom duties and tariffs:
These was carried out by the companies which attracted the imperialists powers to control Africa.
The companies encouraged their home government to colonise Africa:
For example; the Royal Niger Company encouraged the British to colonise Nigeria after gaining the control of the different trading areas in the region.
Signing treaties: The company played an important role of signing different treaties with African local chiefs. These treaties helped imperial powers to claim and justify the colonisation of particular territories, especially during the Berlin Conference
One example was a treaty signed between Harry Johnston and chief Mandara of Uchaga in 1884 to control thirteen square kilometers of land in Kilimanjaro. Also Dr. Carl Peters of the society for German colonisation signed treaties with a number of chief between Pangani and Rufiji. These treaties were later used by the German government to control Tanganyika.
Creation of infrastructure: These included commercial centers, administrative headquarters, roads, railways and waterways. They were allocated in those areas where they operated where by later on were used by the imperial powers to transport administrators to colonise and impose laws on the land.
The companies laid foundations for their home government to colonise African:
They suppressed African resistance through a police force used to maintain peace, order and stability within the region. For example in East Africa, the German East African Company recruited Swahili, Sudanese and Buganda soldier to counter the coastal Arab resistance of 1888-1889.
They provided important information about economic potentiality of African areas:Africa was exposed to the imperial powers which aimed to colonise the continent.
The companies provided rudimentary administration in areas of their operation: Some company leaders such as Sir. George Turban Goldie of the Royal Niger Company, Harry Johnston, the representative of Cecil Rhodes of the British South Africa Company, attended the Berlin Conference of 1884-188 5. They also notified the conference about areas where they operate on behalf of their mother countries.
The company played an important role of marking of the administrative boundaries:Which were later identified as boundaries of the European spheres of influence. They prevented any other rival European imperial power from taking their territories. This was evidenced in East Africa where the German East Africa Company marked the area of the German in the Anglo-German rivalry and achieved the 1886 agreement. While in South Africa the British South Africa Company managed to map the claims of Britain, thus preventing the Portuguese from interfering in the British sphere of influence.
Furthermore, the companies used their security organs to abolish slave trade in the areas of their influence. They introduced legitimate trade in Africa.
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